{"id":80,"date":"2021-12-08T20:00:37","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T12:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/?p=80"},"modified":"2021-12-08T20:00:37","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T12:00:37","slug":"%e4%b8%8d%e5%8f%af%e5%bf%98%e5%8d%b4%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2-%e6%88%98%e6%97%b6%e6%96%b0%e4%b8%8d%e5%88%97%e9%a2%a0%e5%b2%9b%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%8a%97%e6%97%a5%e6%88%98%e4%bf%98-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/2021\/12\/08\/%e4%b8%8d%e5%8f%af%e5%bf%98%e5%8d%b4%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2-%e6%88%98%e6%97%b6%e6%96%b0%e4%b8%8d%e5%88%97%e9%a2%a0%e5%b2%9b%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%8a%97%e6%97%a5%e6%88%98%e4%bf%98-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fd8\u5374\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u6218\u65f6\u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4fd8(\u4e09)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fd8\u5374\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u6218\u65f6\u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4fd8<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u4e09<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u7eed\u4e0a\u671f[\u4e8c])<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7f44\u7af9\u96be\u4e66\u7684\u82e6\u5de5\u751f\u6daf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u70ed\u5e26\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u690d\u88ab\u8302\u5bc6\u3001\u5730\u5f62\u590d\u6742\u3001\u7634\u6c14\u5f25\u6f2b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6218\u65f6\u76df\u519b\u4e0e\u65e5\u519b\u4e89\u593a\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8be5\u5c9b\u867d\u7ecf\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u7ecf\u8425\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5c31\u70b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u9762\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd8\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u30021943\u5e74\u5e95\u76df\u519b\u767b\u9646\u8be5\u5c9b\u897f\u90e8\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u534a\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u5c9b\u897f\u7684\u5b88\u519b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5411\u5c9b\u4e1c\u8fdb\u653b\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u51f6\u6b8b\u7684\u65e5\u519b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u5927\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5373\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u56db\u5927\u6740\u624b\uff1a\u5730\u8c8c\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u5929\u6c14\u3002\u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\u4e0a\u5730\u5f62\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6cbc\u6cfd\u5730\u5bc6\u5e03\u3001\u5230\u5904\u662f\u7ea2\u6811\u6797\u548c\u70ed\u5e26\u96e8\u6797\uff0c\u6797\u6728\u8302\u76db\u6c34\u6c14\u5145\u6c9b\uff0c\u80fd\u89c1\u5ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u670920\u7c73\u4ee5\u5185\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0d\u7559\u795e\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ff7\u8def\u6216\u9677\u5165\u6cbc\u6cfd\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u56de\u751f\u4e4b\u671b\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c9b\u4e0a\u868a\u866b\u3001\u9cc4\u9c7c\u3001\u6bd2\u86c7\u3001\u8718\u86db\u3001\u8708\u86a3\u3001\u8682\u8757\u3001\u874e\u5b50\u7b49\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5bc6\u5e03\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4eba\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u9b42\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u65f6\u523b\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d27\u5f20\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u518d\u5219\uff0c\u5c9b\u4e0a\u759f\u75be\u3001\u4e1b\u6797\u70ed\u3001\u51fa\u8840\u70ed\u3001\u6591\u75b9\u4f24\u5bd2\u3001\u767b\u9769\u70ed\u3001\u574f\u8840\u75c5\u6a2a\u884c\uff0c\u593a\u4eba\u6027\u547d\uff1b\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5c9b\u4e0a\u53cd\u590d\u65e0\u5e38\u7684\u70ed\u5e26\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u96f7\u9635\u96e8\u3001\u5c71\u6d2a\u3001\u6ce5\u77f3\u6d41\u5728\u96e8\u5b63\u968f\u65f6\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u9632\u4e0d\u80dc\u9632\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea1943\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u76df\u519b\u6700\u7ec8\u5bf9\u4e9a\u5305\u65e5\u519b\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u56f4\u56f0\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u5175\u628a\u5b88\u4e4b\u65e5\u519b\u8981\u585e\uff0c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u8df3\u5c9b\u6218\u672f\u76f4\u8d8b\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u6240\u5373\u5c06\u62b5\u8fbe\u7684\u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9762\u4e34\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u51f6\u6b8b\u548c\u76df\u519b\u7684\u56f4\u56f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u8fd9\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6076\u52a3\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

1<\/strong>\u3001\u9177\u5f79\u4e0e\u8650\u5f85<\/strong><\/p>\n

1)\u3001\u6b8b\u9177\u52b3\u5f79\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u5f85\u9047<\/p>\n

\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e9a\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6279\u5206\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u5357\u4eac\u548c\u6d59\u6c5f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u5206\u6563\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u961f\uff0c\u5728\u76df\u519b\u7684\u70ae\u706b\u4e0b\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u670d\u82e6\u5f79\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u6279\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u5168\u90e8\u5b98\u5175\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5171829\u4eba\uff0c\u7531\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u9886\u961f\uff0c\u88ab\u5206\u5230\u65e5\u519b\u7b2c\u516b\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u6240\u5c5e\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\u6240\u5c5e\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u540e\u52e4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u52b3\u5f79\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\u5efa\u5236\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52b3\u5f79\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u9001\u5f80\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u7b49\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5192\u7740\u76df\u519b\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u62a2\u5efa\u548c\u62a2\u4fee\u673a\u573a\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u9632\u5fa1\u5de5\u4e8b\u7b49\u3002[1]<\/a>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u4e01\u56db\u82cf\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5e73\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e8e\u6218\u540e\u88ab\u89e3\u6551\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u6d77\u4e0a\u7684\u9a6c\u52aa\u65af(Manus)\u5c9b\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u89c1\u5230\u8fc7\u4e00\u961f\u7ea630\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u505a\u5de5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u3002[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u98df\u4e0d\u679c\u8179\uff0c\u75c5\u4e0d\u5f97\u533b\uff0c\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u67aa\u6740\u8650\u5f85\u81f3\u6b7b\u8005\uff0c\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u30021946\u5e745\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u6731\u4e91\u5c11\u5c09\u5728\u81f4\u4e0a\u5b98\u5fd7\u6807\u7684\u4fe1\u51fd\u4e2d\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u53d7\u654c\u6240\u5904\u4e4b\u5883\uff0c\u6240\u9047\u4e4b\u906d\uff0c\u80fd\u975e\u7b14\u58a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a00\u5176\u5f62\u5bb9\u3002\u82a6\u82c7\u4e3a\u820d\uff0c\u98df\u65e0\u8fd1\u7cae\uff0c\u4e14\u65e0\u853d\u4f53\u4e4b\u8863\uff0c\u4fa7\u8033\u6240\u95fb\u5f02\u4eba\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u65e5\u672a\u6653\u5219\u51fa\u5916\uff0c\u670d\u5f79\u6df1\u591c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f11\uff0c\u8f83\u5728\u672c\u56fd\u5de5\u82e6\u767e\u500d\u3002\u201d[3]<\/a>\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u53c2\u8c0b\u603b\u957f\u9648\u8bda\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6731\u4e91\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u5230\u8fbe\u4e9a\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u7ec8\u6708\u82e6\u529b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u5904\u5883\u9047\u58ee\u8005\u7a0d\u53ef\u62c5\u8d1f\uff0c\u5f31\u8005\u529b\u4e0d\u80dc\u4efb\u8005\u7d27\u63a5\u6b7b\u4e8e\u975e\u547d\u3002\u51e1\u6709\u75c5\u8005\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5de5\u8005\uff0c\u6089\u906d\u6740\u622e\u3002\u98df\u4e0d\u5f97\u9971\uff0c\u5bdd\u4e0d\u5f97\u5b89\uff0c\u8863\u4e0d\u853d\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u975e\u6cd5\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u8a00\u4e4b\u9178\u9f3b\u3002\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u636e\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u5f79\u4f7f\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c10\u5c0f\u65f6\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u8fc7\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u8981\u505a\u5de5\u5230\u6df1\u591c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u52b3\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5374\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u4f24\u75c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u533b\u7597\u3002[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

2)\u3001\u7cae\u98df\u4f9b\u5e94\u77ed\u7f3a<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u8fd8\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u7406\u5e94\u90fd\u7531\u65e5\u519b\u7b2c\u516b\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u8be5\u5175\u7ad9\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e0b\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\u7684\u90a3829\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u65b9\u7684675\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u53e3\u7cae\u5c31\u66f4\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u65f6\u80fd\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6240\u8c13\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5403\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u751f\u866b\u9709\u70c2\u53d8\u8d28\u7684\u574f\u7c73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u62ff\u751f\u866b\u9709\u70c2\u53d8\u8d28\u574f\u7c73\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u7f18\u65e0\u6545\u5730\u6bb4\u6253\u8650\u5f85\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6781\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u65f6\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5415\u514b\u521a\u662f\u7b2c86\u519b\u7b2c67\u5e08\u5de5\u5175\u8fde\u5c11\u5c09\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u4e9a\u5305\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u5ba1\u5224\u5ead\u4e0a\u4f5c\u8bc1\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4ef6\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u66b4\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e744\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c67\u5e08200\u56e2\u4e0a\u7b49\u5175\u51af\u58f0\u9e23\u6b63\u5728\u53a8\u623f\u505a\u5de5\u3002\u65e5\u519b\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u6240\u5c5e\u521a\u8d27\u7269\u5382\u7ba1\u7406\u961f\u7684\u91cd\u7530\u5229\u96c4\u519b\u66f9\u6765\u5230\u53a8\u623f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5305\u9709\u70c2\u53d8\u8d28\u7684\u574f\u7c73\u4ea4\u7ed9\u51af\u58f0\u9e23\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u53e3\u7cae\u3002\u51af\u58f0\u9e23\u89c1\u6b64\u7c73\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u5403\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df1\u77e5\u8fd9\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u620f\u5f04\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5f53\u4eba\u770b\uff0c\u6545\u5f53\u573a\u5c31\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u607c\u7f9e\u6210\u6012\u7684\u91cd\u7530\u5229\u96c4\u7a81\u7136\u64cd\u8d77\u4e00\u6839\u5927\u68cd\u68d2\uff0c\u5288\u5934\u76d6\u8111\u5730\u6253\u5411\u51af\u58f0\u9e23\uff0c\u72e0\u72e0\u5730\u51fb\u4e2d\u5176\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u51af\u987f\u65f6\u8840\u6d41\u6ee1\u9762\uff0c\u91cd\u4f24\u5012\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u573a\u7684\u5415\u514b\u521a\u56e0\u731d\u4e0d\u53ca\u9632\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6765\u4e0d\u53ca\u963b\u6b62\u6551\u63f4\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u66f9\u5728\u6253\u4eba\u540e\uff0c\u5374\u65c1\u82e5\u65e0\u4eba\uff0c\u4e22\u4e0b\u68cd\u68d2\uff0c\u626c\u957f\u800c\u53bb\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4f24\u8005\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u7ed9\u533b\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u95fb\u4e0d\u95ee\u3002\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u961f\u7684\u6218\u53cb\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u548c\u7167\u987e\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e34\u8fd1\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u51af\u58f0\u9e23\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u96be\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b7b\u5728\u4e86\u4e9a\u5305\u3002[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56db\u884c\u5b64\u519b\u88ab\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u52b3\u5de5\u961f\u7684\u7530\u9645\u94bf\uff0c\u57282000\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf950\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u82e6\u5de5\u7ecf\u5386\u4ecd\u7136\u523b\u9aa8\u94ed\u5fc3\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u5c9b\u540e\uff0c\u5b64\u519b\u8425\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u62c6\u6563\uff0c\u6211\u7b4912\u4eba\u7f16\u5165\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u52e4\u52b3\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u5171\u6709160\u540d\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u56db\u519b\u3001\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u6218\u58eb\u3002\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\u4e00\u8d77\u670d\u82e6\u5f79\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7b49\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u3002\u5728\u201c\u52e4\u52b3\u961f\u201d\u670d\u82e6\u5f79\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u8fc7\u7740\u975e\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5341\u5206\u7e41\u91cd\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u6781\u5176\u8270\u82e6\u3002\u4e00\u5929\u8981\u5e72\u5341\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u7b28\u91cd\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u4f4f\u7684\u662f\u5ca9\u6d1e\uff0c\u74dc\u85af\u5f53\u9910\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u5403\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e22\u4e0b\u7684\u732a\u725b\u5185\u810f\u548c\u9aa8\u5934\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u533b\u7597\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a3\u75c5\u62d6\u4e0d\u597d\u5c31\u773c\u7741\u7741\u7b49\u6b7b\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u6b8b\u5fcd\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u628a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u91cd\u75c5\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\u7528\u5361\u8f66\u8fd0\u5230\u6df1\u5c71\u91cc\u53bb\u57cb\u6389\u3002\u5f53\u521d160\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u961f\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\u540e\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b38\u4eba\u30023\u4f4d\u84b2\u573b\u8001\u4e61\u5148\u540e\u6b7b\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\u3002[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

2009\u5e74\uff0c\u65bd\u65b9\u821f\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u5357\u6d0b\u7684\u90a3\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u82e6\u5de5\u751f\u6daf\u4e0d\u582a\u56de\u9996\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u8a00\u72b6\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u5728\u5df4\u5e03\u4e9a\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u6316\u5c71\u6d1e\u3001\u50a8\u5b58\u5f39\u836f\u3001\u5efa\u9020\u519b\u4e8b\u8981\u585e\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u6d0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u540e\u52e4\u8865\u7ed9\u5730\u3002\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e9b\u52b3\u5de5\u6c34\u571f\u4e0d\u670d\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u868a\u5b50\u5f88\u6bd2\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u54ac\u5f97\u76ae\u80a4\u6e83\u70c2\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u4eec\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u6811\u679d\u642d\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u75c5\u4e86\u3002[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u5c11\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u5728\u9965\u997f\u4e2d\u670d\u82e6\u5f79\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u6218\u4fd8\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\uff0c\u8d2b\u75c5\u4ea4\u52a0\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u60a3\u4e0a\u5168\u8eab\u6d6e\u80bf\u7684\u811a\u6c14\u75c5[9]<\/a>\u7b49\u5176\u5b83\u70ed\u5e26\u4e1b\u6797\u75c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u6cbb\u800c\u4ea1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u4fd8\u864f\u7684\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u666e\u904d\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6218\u4fd8\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff0c[10]<\/a>\u5373\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u97a0\u5de7\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u96be\u53cb\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e86\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\uff0c\u88ab\u52d2\u4ee4\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u4e2d\u5f00\u8def\uff0c\u6316\u9632\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u7b51\u98de\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u505a\u5341\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u82e6\u529b\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5e38\u5e38\u6328\u6253\u53d7\u7f5a\u3002\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\u5403\u4e0d\u9971\uff0c\u6218\u4fd8\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u81ea\u6458\u91ce\u679c\u5145\u9965\uff0c1944\u5e74\u5c9b\u88ab\u76df\u519b\u5c01\u9501\uff0c\u65e5\u5bc7\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u7ed9\u6218\u4fd8\u4e00\u9897\u7cae\u98df\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5403\u4e86\u4e0d\u6613\u6d88\u5316\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u8179\u80c0\u800c\u6b7b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53d7\u6bd2\u866b\u53ee\u54ac\uff0c\u76ae\u80a4\u6e83\u70c2\u540e\u6b7b\u53bb\u3002\u2026\u20261947\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u97a0\u5de7\u751f\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u5df2\u662f\u4f24\u75d5\u7d2f\u7d2f\uff0c\u60a3\u8fc7\u759f\u75be\u3001\u5f97\u8fc7\u76f2\u80a0\u708e\u3001\u778e\u4e86\u4e00\u53ea\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u540c\u5f80\u7684\u6218\u53cb\uff0c\u5e38\u719f\u7684\u65b9\u53cb\u53cb\u5374\u6c38\u846c\u5357\u6d0b\u4e86\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u540c\u53bb\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

3)\u3001\u88ab\u8feb\u5192\u7740\u76df\u519b\u7a7a\u88ad\u70ae\u706b\u505a\u5de5<\/p>\n

\u5728\u906d\u53d7\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u53ca\u6b8b\u9177\u7e41\u91cd\u52b3\u5f79\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u76df\u519b\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u548c\u4f8b\u884c\u8f70\u70b8\u3002<\/p>\n

1943\u5e7410\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u5c31\u5bf9\u4e9a\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u6709\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u300211\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u4e0a\u767e\u67b6\u7f8e\u519b\u98de\u673a\u4ece\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\u4e0a\u8d77\u98de\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e9a\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7a7a\u88ad\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u76df\u519b\u5728\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e0a\u8df3\u5c9b\u6218\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e9a\u5305\u5df2\u4e0d\u5728\u76df\u519b\u653b\u53d6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u51b7\u51bb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5176\u4ee5\u76df\u519b\u6d77\u7a7a\u529b\u91cf\u7d27\u7d27\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u6d77\u5c9b\u6784\u7b51\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e9a\u5305\u65e5\u519b\u91cd\u8981\u8bbe\u65bd\u53ca\u6d77\u519b\u76ee\u6807\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u88ad\u548c\u8f70\u70b8\u30021944\u5e743\u67082\u65e5\u76df\u519b\u5bf9\u4e9a\u5305\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4e8624\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e9a\u5305\u5168\u57ce\u5efa\u7b51\u5c3d\u884c\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u5730\u9762\u7684\u9632\u7a7a\u8bbe\u65bd\u5168\u90e8\u70b8\u574f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65e5\u519b\u4e5f\u88ab\u70b8\u6b7b\u3002\u65e5\u519b\u7531\u6b64\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u9632\u7a7a\u8bbe\u65bd\u53ca\u6b66\u5668\u8f6c\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\u5de5\u4e8b\u3002[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7a7a\u88ad\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u81ea\u5df1\u8eb2\u8fdb\u9632\u7a7a\u6d1e\u63a9\u853d\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u987e\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u65bd\u5de5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u62a2\u4fee\u673a\u573a\u8dd1\u9053\uff0c\u62a2\u6551\u5176\u5b83\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7269\u8d44\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9020\u6210\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u5728\u76df\u519b\u7a7a\u88ad\u8f70\u70b8\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u9664\u975e\u5f53\u5730\u571f\u4eba\u5728\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u9644\u8fd1\u71c3\u8d77\u70fd\u70df\uff0c\u8ba9\u76df\u519b\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u98de\u884c\u5458\u660e\u767d\u8be5\u5904\u6709\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u8425\u5730\u800c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e0d\u4e88\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c[13]<\/a>\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u76df\u519b\u98de\u673a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u9646\u5730\u548c\u6d77\u4e0a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e88\u4ee5\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6f0f\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76df\u519b\u7a7a\u88ad\u8f70\u70b8\u5bfc\u81f4\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u9ad8\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c1943\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u7fa4\u5c9b\u4e2d\u9760\u8fd1\u5e03\u5e72\u7ef4\u5c14\u5c9b(Bougainville Island)\u5357\u7aef\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u5df4\u62c9\u5c14(Ballale Island) \u7684\u5c0f\u5c9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6cbf\u7a7a\u519b\u9635\u5730\uff0c\u6709517\u540d\u82f1\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u5f3a\u884c\u4ece\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u8fd0\u5230\u4e9a\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u8f6c\u8fd0\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u5230\u8be5\u5c9b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u6b64\u4fee\u7b51\u673a\u573a\u548c\u9632\u7a7a\u5de5\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u519b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u7a7a\u88ad\u4e2d\u88ab\u70b8\u8eab\u4ea1\u3002[14]<\/a>2009\u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u7115\u6587\u4e5f\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u4fd8\u7684200\u4eba\uff0c\u66fe\u88ab\u7f16\u6210\u4e00\u6218\u4fd8\u670d\u52a1\u961f\uff0c\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u9063\u6d3e\u5230\u4e9a\u5305\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5c0f\u5c9b\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\u3002\u5f85\u52301945\u5e748\u6708\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u8be5\u961f\u4e4b\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u88ab\u76df\u519b\u89e3\u6551\u540e\u8f97\u8f6c\u9001\u56de\u5230\u4e9a\u5305\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\u8425\u5730\u65f6\uff0c\u8fde\u4ed6\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u4ec5\u5269\u4e0b7\u4eba\u3002[15]<\/a>\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u82f1\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u5728\u5df4\u62c9\u5c14\u5c9b\u7684\u906d\u9047\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5362\u65b0\u82b3\u56de\u5fc6\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u4ee4\u4ed6\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u76df\u519b\u98de\u673a\u7684\u8f70\u70b8\u30022009\u5e748\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u7b14\u8005\u8bbf\u8c08\u65f6\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u5403\u4e0d\u9971\u7761\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u5c71\u780d\u6811\u3001\u6316\u58d5\u6c9f\u3001\u5efa\u7889\u5821\u3002\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u4ece\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u52b3\u7d2f\u8d70\u4e0d\u52a8\u5c31\u88ab\u97ad\u6253\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u96be\u53cb\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u7528\u523a\u5200\u523a\u6b7b\u3002\u60e8\u554a\u3002\u800c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u9047\u6709\u76df\u519b\u98de\u673a\u626b\u5c04\u548c\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5371\u9669\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec8\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e58\u5750\u4e00\u90e8\u8f66\uff0c\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u5f00\u8f66\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c71\u62c9\u6728\u5934\uff0c\u9014\u4e2d\u6b63\u597d\u9047\u4e0a\u7f8e\u519b\u98de\u673a\u7a7a\u88ad\u626b\u5c04\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8d76\u7d27\u8df3\u4e0b\u8f66\uff0c\u8dd1\u5411\u58d5\u6c9f\u9690\u853d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4eba\u521a\u597d\u8db4\u5230\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u70b8\u6b7b\uff0c\u6211\u5934\u90e8\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u4e86\u5c0f\u4f24\u3002\u5728\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u751f\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9b3c\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u533b\u6cbb\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u597d\u4e0d\u4e86\u53c8\u6b7b\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u8650\u5f85\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u8df3\u6d77\u81ea\u6740\u3002[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

4)\u3001\u6b8b\u9177\u8650\u5f85\u5c11\u5e74\u5175\u6218\u4fd8<\/p>\n

1930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5267\u4f5c\u5bb6\u590f\u884d\u66fe\u5199\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8457\u540d\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u6587\u5b66\u300a\u5305\u8eab\u5de5\u300b\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e1c\u6d0b\u7eb1\u5382\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u201c\u5356\u8eab\u5951\u201d\u7684\u4e61\u4e0b\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u8d85\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u7ca5\u4e00\u996d\uff0c\u5341\u4e8c\u5c0f\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u5de5\u623f\u548c\u8001\u677f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u732a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6ce5\u571f\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u88ab\u8df5\u8e0f\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u534e\u5784\u65ad\u8d44\u672c\u5bf9\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6b8b\u9177\u5265\u524a\u538b\u69a8\u548c\u65e0\u60c5\u8650\u5f85\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a7\u8bc9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f5c\u54c1\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u54cd\uff0c\u9707\u64bc\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u826f\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u8425\u5730\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6709\u8fc7\u4e4b\u800c\u4e0d\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u6218\u540e\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4e2d\uff0c\u670930\u540d\u5f53\u65f6\u5e74\u9f84\u572813\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u5175\uff0c\u88ab\u7f16\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u7387\u9886\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u961f\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u519b\u7b2c\u516b\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u6240\u5c5e\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e0b\u7684\u519b\u961f\u548c\u673a\u6784\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e9a\u5305\u88ab\u7f16\u7ec4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u5e26\u961f\u519b\u5b98\u5411\u65e5\u519b\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\u901a\u544a\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5c11\u5e74\u5175\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5374\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u52a8\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u5c0f\u5175\u4e0e\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u540c\u7b49\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u4e0e\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u65e5\u519b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\u540c\u6837\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5c0f\u5175\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u8eab\u4f53\u5c31\u8d62\u5f31\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u67093\u4eba\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u67aa\u6740\uff1b2\u4eba\u56e0\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u6b8b\u9177\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u97ad\u6253\u5f97\u5944\u5944\u4e00\u606f\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u96be\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u800c\u4e0a\u540a\u81ea\u6740\uff1b\u53e6\u591620\u4eba\u5219\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5e74\u6218\u4fd8\u4e00\u6837\u505a\u5de5\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u957f\u671f\u75c5\u997f\u5403\u4e0d\u9971\uff0c\u8d2b\u75c5\u4ea4\u52a0\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f53\u529b\u4e0d\u652f\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u603b\u8ba1\u8fd930\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5c0f\u5175\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u67095\u4eba\u71ac\u5230\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u624d\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u6551\u3002\u4ece1946\u5e74\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u5f85\u9063\u8fd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\u7684\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u51e0\u4f4d\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u5c31\u662f\u4ecb\u4e8e15-17\u5c81\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5bf9\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f3a\u5f81\u6216\u5f3a\u63b3\u6765\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u4eba\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b8b\u9177\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u624b\u8f6f\u3002<\/p>\n

1943\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u7f16\u7ec4\u5728\u65e5\u519b\u7b2c\u516b\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u6240\u5c5e\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e0b\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7b49\u5730\u63b3\u6765\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e1c\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u63b3\u6765\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u6c11\u4f17\u5927\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e1942\u5e7410\u6708\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u4ece\u9999\u6e2f\u8f6c\u8fd0\u5230\u4e9a\u5305\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u65f6\u5171\u67092380\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u76841600\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u5206\u5230\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u6240\u5c5e\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5355\u4f4d\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5e73\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u670950\u540d\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u5f3a\u63b3\u6216\u9a97\u62db\u6765\u7684\u672a\u6ee113\u5c81\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u540c\u6837\u5bf9\u6b64\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u987e\uff0c\u4ecd\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u540c\u5de5\u540c\u65f6\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u5982\u6b64\u8d85\u957f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a350\u540d\u4f53\u529b\u4e0d\u652f\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u5934\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u6b7b\u53bb\u4e8640\u4eba\u3002\u52301945\u5e748\u6708\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b8\u4eba\u4fa5\u5e78\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u800c\u90a31600\u4eba\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u67091080\u4eba\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u67aa\u6740\u548c\u8650\u5f85\u81f4\u6b7b\u3002[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

5)\u3001\u51f6\u6b8b\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175<\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u9762\u4e34\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51f6\u6076\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\uff0c\u5373\u6218\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f81\u53ec\u7684\u519b\u592b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u751f\u4e8e\u65e5\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bf4\u95fd\u5357\u8bed\uff0c\u8bfb\u65e5\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u7cbe\u901a\u65e5\u8bed\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u672c\u5730\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5374\u81ea\u89c6\u4e3a\u5927\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u201c\u7687\u6c11\u201d\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u88ab\u8feb\u4ece\u519b\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6ee1\u6000\u6fc0\u60c5\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5723\u6218\u201d\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u60c5\u6000\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u653e\u4e0b\u539f\u5148\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u81ea\u613f\u52a0\u5165\u65e5\u519b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u3002\u5230\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u897f\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e8b\u7d27\u5f20\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c31\u4ee5\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7279\u8bbe\u52e4\u52b3\u56e2\u201c\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u524d\u6765\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u524d\u7ebf\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u65e5\u519b\u91ce\u6218\u533b\u9662\u3001\u6551\u62a4\u6240\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u6218\u6597\u90e8\u961f\u670d\u52a1\u3002[18]<\/a>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u57281939\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e0e\u65e5\u519b\u4e3b\u529b\u90e8\u961f\u4e00\u8d77\u4fb5\u5165\u5e7f\u897f\u7684\u6ce2\u7530\u652f\u961f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u4ee5\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u4e3a\u4e3b\u800c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u519b\u5e2e\u51f6\uff1b\u800c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u9ad8\u7802\u4e49\u52c7\u961f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u7fa4\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e0a\u4e0e\u76df\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\u527d\u608d\u51f6\u731b\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u9646\u519b\u548c\u6d77\u519b\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u5730\u91cc\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c11\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002\u867d\u7136\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u5927\u9646\u540c\u6587\u540c\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5974\u5316\uff0c\u6ee1\u8111\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u5fe0\u4e8e\u5929\u7687\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u662f\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u53ea\u60f3\u7740\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u65e5\u672c\u6253\u8d62\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u81ea\u89c9\u81ea\u613f\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5e2e\u51f6\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f85\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u5f85\u540c\u6587\u540c\u79cd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u65e5\u672c\u9b3c\u5b50\u8fd8\u66f4\u4e3a\u51f6\u6b8b\u3002[19]<\/a>\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d6\u65e5\u540d\u53eb\u505a\u5fd7\u6751\u52c7\u4e09\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5728\u6218\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u671f\u95f4\u79ef\u6781\u534f\u52a9\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u6b8b\u6740\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u548c\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u4e8e\u6218\u540e\u88ab\u4e9a\u5305\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u5ba1\u5224\u5ead\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\u3002[20]<\/a>\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e9a\u5305\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u519b\u4e8b\u5ba1\u5224\u5ead\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u670926\u540d\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u56e0\u4e8e\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u8650\u5f85\u6218\u4fd8\u88ab\u5224\u51b3\u6b7b\u5211\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u5ba1\u5224\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u5224\u5904\u6570\u5e74\u4e0d\u7b49\u76d1\u7981\u52b3\u5f79\u8005\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u8fbe175\u4eba\u4e4b\u591a\u3002[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u674e\u7ef4\u6042\u5148\u751f\u5c31\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6709\u4e94\u4f4d\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u5434\u68ea\u6240\u7387\u9886\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u961f\u7684\u76d1\u89c6\u5458\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed6\u4eec\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5403\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6b63\u597d\u4e00\u4f4d\u59d3\u5f20\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u65c1\u8fb9\u7ecf\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u64e4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u9f3b\u6d95\u3002\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6559\u517b\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6709\u610f\u4fae\u8fb1\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e94\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u95ee\u9752\u7ea2\u7682\u767d\uff0c\u4e8c\u8bdd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u5c31\u5c06\u8fd9\u4f4d\u59d3\u5f20\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u4e00\u987f\u75db\u6253\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0b\u624b\u6781\u72e0\uff0c\u6253\u5f97\u5f20\u59d3\u58eb\u5175\u6ee1\u5730\u6253\u6eda\uff0c\u8fde\u8fde\u60e8\u53eb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u8fde\u5f53\u65f6\u62c5\u4efb\u536b\u5175\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u90fd\u770b\u4e0d\u8fc7\u773c\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u592a\u8fc7\u5206\u3002[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6709\u610f\u65e0\u610f\u5730\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u51f6\u6b8b\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u5b66\u8005\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u53ca\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u6218\u4e89\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u6218\u4ee5\u53ca\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u5ff5\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5fd8\u7684\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5723\u6218\u201d\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u56e0\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u8fd9\u56fa\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f60\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u53cd\u7701\u65e5\u672c\u53d1\u52a8\u90a3\u573a\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u5ff5\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5fd8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u961f\u53c2\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u5fe0\u541b\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u60c5\u6000\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\u53bb\u6e32\u67d3\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd4\u56de\u53f0\u6e7e\u540e\u79cd\u79cd\u906d\u9047\u7684\u60b2\u60c5\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6709\u5931\u504f\u9887\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u522b\u6709\u7528\u5fc3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\u662f\u90a3\u573a\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u3001\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5e2e\u51f6\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5374\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u90a3\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u6709\u7740\u6e05\u9192\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c2009\u5e748\u67087\u65e5\u5728\u9ad8\u96c4\u63a5\u53d7\u7b14\u8005\u8bbf\u8c08\u65f6\uff0c\u674e\u7ef4\u6042\u5c11\u6821\u63d0\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9690\u63a9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u95ee\uff1a\u4f60\u4eec\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u770b\u7ba1\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u6211\u662f\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7ba1\u5de5\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5468\u56f4\u90fd\u662f\u6d77\uff0c\u60f3\u9003\u4e5f\u9003\u4e0d\u4e86\uff1b\u68ee\u6797\u91cc\u6761\u4ef6\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u9003\u8fdb\u53bb\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u6d3b\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u75c5\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u67aa\u6bd9\u548c\u6d3b\u57cb\u7684\u6709\u4e09\u6279\uff0c\u6bcf\u627920-30\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2a\u961f\u7684\u9648\u5b87\u7c27\u4e0a\u6821\u548c\u5f20\u82f1\u592b\u4e2d\u6821\u90fd\u75c5\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u9648\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u5f20\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u961f\u957f\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6211\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e2d\u56fd\u961f\u3002\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u65f6\uff0c\u526f\u6392\u957f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u4e0d\u7528\u53bb\u505a\u5de5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u5de5\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u5230\u4e9a\u5305\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5373\u76df\u519b\u7a7a\u88ad\u7684\u95f4\u9699\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u66fe\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e26\u961f\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u53bb\u4e9a\u5305\u8857\u4e0a\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53bb\u770b\u4e86\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u6170\u5b89\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u7ba1\u7406\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u521a\u521a\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u7f16\u7ec4\u3002\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u8fd8\u597d\u3002\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f1f\u5144\u662f\u798f\u5efa\u4eba\uff0c\u66fe\u5411\u6211\u62a5\u544a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u540e\u6765\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u6015\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a7f\u7684\u8863\u670d\u4e0a\u4f69\u6234\u4e86\u201c\u76d1\u89c6\u5458\u201d\u94ed\u724c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u56a3\u5f20\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u597d\u4e0d\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5175\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c49\u53e3\u4e5f\u7ba1\u8fc7\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u6bd4\u4f60\u4eec\u597d\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u3002\u518d\u8fc7\u6765\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u563f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u90fd\u6539\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u540d\u5b57\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u66f4\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53cd\u800c\u8fd8\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u6240\u8c13\u76d1\u89c6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd8\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u536b\u5175\uff0c\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5feb\u6295\u964d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba(\u519b\u592b)\u4e5f\u6709\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u5f85\u9047\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u533b\u751f\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c09\u5b98\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u5175\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u574f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a2.28\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6279\u53f0\u6e7e\u5175\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

6)\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u5c0a\u4e25<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u7e41\u91cd\u5371\u9669\u7684\u82e6\u5f79\u53ca\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u8650\u5f85\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4ea6\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u6c14\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0e1957\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u6842\u6cb3\u6865\u300b\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u82f1\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u6781\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u50cf\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u548c\u674e\u7ef4\u6042\u5c11\u6821\u7b49\u6240\u8c08\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u5c3d\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u65e5\u519b\u7ba1\u7406\u9ad8\u5c42\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u6218\u4fd8\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5b98\u5175\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6765\u81ea\u56db\u884c\u5b64\u519b\u7684\u5b98\u5175\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u50cf\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u79df\u754c\u65f6\u671f\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6562\u4e8e\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c\u6c14\u8282\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u7530\u9645\u94bf\u8bbf\u8c08\uff0c\u5c31\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u4e0e\u9b3c\u5b50\u5175\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\uff0c\u56de\u51fb\u9b3c\u5b50\u5175\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u6311\u8845\u548c\u4fae\u8fb1\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u519b\u7ecf\u5e38\u6b3a\u4fae\u4e2d\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u5757\u5934\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u4e0a\u58eb\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u6211\u8eab\u4f53\u8f83\u7626\u5f31\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0a\u524d\u53eb\u677f\uff1a\u201c\u54b1\u4eec\u6454\u8de4\uff0c\u4f60\u8d62\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u70df\u7ed9\u4f60\u7c73\u897f\u7c73\u897f\uff1b\u6211\u8d62\u4e86\uff0c\u6253\u4f60\u4e24\u4e2a\u8033\u5149\u3002\u5927\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u597d\u4e0d\u597d\uff1f\u201d\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u7406\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u770b\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u6c14\u7130\u56a3\u5f20\uff0c\u7740\u5b9e\u60f3\u6559\u8bad\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u70b9\u5934\u540c\u610f\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4f6c\u731b\u6251\u4e0a\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u628a\u6293\u4f4f\u6211\u7684\u80a9\u8180\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u8d81\u52bf\u5f2f\u8170\u5c06\u624b\u4f38\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u88c6\u90e8\uff0c\u7528\u529b\u4e00\u6273\uff0c\u5c06\u9b3c\u5b50\u5175\u91cd\u91cd\u6454\u5012\u5730\u4e0a\u3002\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u96be\u53cb\u90fd\u5411\u6211\u6295\u4ee5\u94a6\u4f69\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u3002[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/strong>\u3001\u65e5\u519b\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u66b4\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n

1)\u3001\u5c60\u6740\u751f\u75c5\u6218\u4fd8<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u56de\u5fc6\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u4eec\u5728\u65e5\u519b\u6deb\u5a01\u4e0b\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u82e6\u96be\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u4eba\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u53d1\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u516c\u7136\u8df5\u8e0f\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u6218\u4fd8\u516c\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u8086\u610f\u5c60\u6740\u3002<\/p>\n

1946\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u674e\u7ef4\u6042\u5c11\u6821\u5728\u7ed9\u90ed\u5c65\u6d32\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u4fe1\u51fd\u4e2d\u66fe\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u752b\u62b5\u4e9a\u5305\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u201c\u767b\u5cb8\u56e0\u75c5\u67aa\u6bd9\u80052\u540d\u201d\u3002[24]<\/a>\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u752b\u4e00\u767b\u5cb8\uff0c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u519b\u7684\u6b8b\u66b4\u4e0e\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u6731\u4e91\u5c11\u5c091946\u5e745\u670818\u65e5\u7ed9\u4e0a\u5b98\u5fd7\u6807\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8c08\u5230\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u201c\u7a0d\u6709\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u6c34\u571f\u4e0d\u670d\uff0c\u5373\u906d\u654c\u4eba\u622e\u6740\u201d\u3002[25]<\/a>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u60a3\u75c5\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u542c\u8bdd\u72af\u4e86\u65e5\u519b\u6240\u8ba2\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u636e\u5362\u65b0\u82b3\u8bbf\u8c08\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b8b\u5fcd\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u62c9\u51fa\u53bb\u67aa\u6bd9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u7528\u523a\u5200\u523a\u6740\u6216\u519b\u5200\u5288\u6740\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d3b\u57cb\u3002[26]<\/a>\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u65bd\u65b9\u821f\u4e5f\u5fc3\u6709\u4f59\u60b8\u5730\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6d3b\u57cb\u7684\u670924\u4e2a\uff01\u201d\u65bd\u6447\u5934\u611f\u53f9\u9053\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8282\u7701\u4f9b\u517b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u903c\u8feb\u52b3\u5de5\u81ea\u5df1\u6316\u5751\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u75c5\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u6d3b\u57cb\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u96be\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u8df3\u6d77\u81ea\u6740\u4e86\u3002[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u65e0\u7591\uff0c\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u662f\u65e5\u519b\u56fa\u5b88\u4e9a\u5305\u8981\u585e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8f85\u52a9\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u9664\u6218\u6597\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6218\u5730\u540e\u52e4\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a1\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u57281943\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u5728\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u5b9e\u65bd\u8df3\u5c9b\u6218\uff0c\u5c06\u4e9a\u5305\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e5\u519b\u91cd\u5175\u96c6\u7ed3\u7684\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6d77\u9646\u519b\u8981\u585e\u51b7\u51bb\u5305\u56f4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u8865\u7ed9\u7ebf\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u672c\u571f\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5207\u65ad\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9e8b\u96c6\u8be5\u573010\u4e07\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c1944\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u65ad\u7edd\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5fae\u8584\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u597d\u9760\u70ed\u5e26\u91ce\u679c\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u690d\u7269\u751f\u5b58\u3002[28]<\/a>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7cae\u98df\u5403\u4e86\u3002[29]<\/a>\u6218\u540e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u72af\u5ba1\u5224\u5ead\u5728\u5ba1\u5224\u65e5\u519b\u7f6a\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7cae\u98df\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9ebb\u7ffb\u751f\u75c5\u5370\u5ea6\u6218\u4fd8\u70f9\u800c\u98df\u4e4b\u7684\u53cd\u4eba\u6027\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u5224\u51b3\u5f53\u4e8b\u7684\u5e26\u961f\u65e5\u519b\u4e0b\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u6b7b\u5211\u548c\u58eb\u517510\u5e74\u5f92\u5211\u3002[30]<\/a>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cae\u98df\u5403\uff0c\u5c06\u6218\u4fd8\u6740\u6b7b\u6216\u5c06\u9635\u4ea1\u7684\u76df\u519b\u5c38\u4f53\u5207\u5272\u5206\u800c\u98df\u4e4b\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c61\u5c61\u53d1\u751f\u3002[31]<\/a>\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u5c9b\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u7b2c18\u519b\u7684\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u7cae\u98df\u548c\u5f39\u836f\u8865\u7ed9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u672c\u518d\u665a\u6295\u964d\u4e00\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5168\u90e8\u997f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u7684\u832b\u832b\u4e1b\u6797\u4e2d\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u8282\u7701\u7cae\u98df\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u7d2f\u8d58\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u5982\u751f\u75c5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3a\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u5c60\u622e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002[32]<\/a><\/p>\n

1946\u5e745\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u72af\u5ba1\u5224\u5ead\u4e0a\u4f5c\u8bc1\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4e8e1943\u5e74\u521d\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e9a\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\u5c31\u4e0b\u4ee4\uff0c\u51e1\u6218\u4fd8\u751f\u75c5\u4e09\u65e5\u4ee5\u4e0a\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u5f8b\u62c9\u51fa\u53bb\u67aa\u6bd9\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7531\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e25\u683c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u52301945\u5e748\u6708\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5e74\u534a\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7387\u9886\u7684\u8fd9\u961f829\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u670980\u4eba\u56e0\u751f\u75c5\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u6b8b\u5fcd\u5730\u67aa\u6740\u548c\u780d\u5934\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f53\u65f6\u751f\u7684\u75c5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6240\u60a3\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u70ed\u5e26\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e1b\u6797\u75c5\uff0c\u5982\u759f\u75be\u6216\u56e0\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u811a\u6c14\u75c5\u3001\u6216\u56e0\u6ca1\u6709\u978b\u7a7f\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u811a\u4f24\u6e83\u70c2\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5c31\u60e8\u65e0\u4eba\u9053\u5730\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b8b\u6740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u7a0d\u7a0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3b\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5434\u68ea\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u961f\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916236\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u6b7b\u4e8e\u975e\u547d\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7cae\u98df\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u9965\u997f\u8d2b\u75c5\u4ea4\u52a0\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u90fd\u60a3\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u75c5\u75c7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u7f3a\u5c11\u98df\u7269\u800c\u53c8\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u52b3\u3001\u4f53\u529b\u4e25\u91cd\u900f\u652f\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u603b\u662f\u903c\u8feb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\u4f53\u529b\u4e0d\u652f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5728\u76df\u519b\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u8f70\u70b8\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4f24\u4ea1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u5e7f\u7530\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u961f\u5c31\u6709316\u540d\u5b98\u5175\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u8feb\u5bb3\u81f4\u6b7b\u3002[33]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u7684\u786e\u6beb\u65e0\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u67aa\u6740\u3001\u780d\u5934\u3001\u6d3b\u57cb\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c60\u622e\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u5c06\u4fd8\u864f\u780d\u5934\uff0c\u5982\u57281937\u5e74\u5e95\u65e5\u519b\u653b\u5360\u5357\u4eac\u540e\u7684\u5c60\u622e\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\u653b\u5360\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u540e\u5bf9\u7f8e\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u8086\u610f\u780d\u6740\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7167\u7247\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u8fd9\u79cd\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u65bd\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65e5\u519b\u9ad8\u5c42\u5c06\u9886\u53d1\u5e03\u5904\u7f6e\u751f\u75c5\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u5730\u533a\u8086\u610f\u5bf9\u6218\u4fd8\u8fdb\u884c\u65a9\u9996\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u9a7b\u624e\u7684\u8425\u5730\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u5efa\u6709\u65a9\u9996\u6c60\u3002<\/p>\n

1943\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u7701\u7684\u9996\u5e9c\u79d1\u79d1\u5761(Kokopo)\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u5c0611\u540d\u751f\u75c5\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u548c\u4e00\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e73\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u62c9\u51fa\u53bb\u65a9\u9996\u3002[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u7528\u65a9\u9996\u548c\u7528\u523a\u5200\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u780d\u6b7b\u548c\u6345\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u6b8b\u5fcd\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5bf9\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u76df\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\uff0c1942\u5e74\u672b\uff0c600\u591a\u540d\u82f1\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u4ece\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5f3a\u8fd0\u5230\u4e9a\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u7684517\u540d\u8f6c\u8fd0\u5230\u5df4\u62c9\u5c14\u5c9b\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u4fee\u7b51\u673a\u573a\u3002\u968f\u77401943\u5e742\u6708\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u74dc\u8fbe\u5c14\u5361\u7eb3\u5c14\u5c9b\u7684\u60e8\u8d25\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca4\u6708\u65e5\u672c\u8054\u5408\u8230\u961f\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u5c71\u672c\u4e94\u5341\u516d\u5927\u5c06\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5e03\u5e72\u7ef4\u5c14\u5c9b(Bougainville)\u4e0a\u7a7a\u88ab\u7f8e\u519b\u98de\u673a\u51fb\u843d\u6bd9\u547d\uff0c1943\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u9a7b\u5b88\u5728\u5df4\u62c9\u5c14\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u519b\uff0c\u56e0\u6050\u60e7\u7f8e\u519b\u5373\u5c06\u767b\u9646\u653b\u5360\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c9b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u53d1\u8d77\u767b\u9646\u5e03\u5e72\u7ef4\u5c14\u5c9b\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684100\u540d\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u5168\u90e8\u53cc\u624b\u53cd\u7ed1\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u523a\u5200\u548c\u519b\u5200\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5168\u90e8\u6345\u6b7b\u6216\u780d\u6b7b\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u5e78\u514d\u3002[35]<\/a>\u8fd9\u573a\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e0a\u6b8b\u9177\u8650\u5f85\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u60e8\u6848\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u519b\u6b8b\u9177\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7f6a\u884c\u662f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d3b\u57cb\u6389\u3002\u524d\u5f15\u674e\u7ef4\u6042\u5c11\u6821\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\u56de\u5fc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9b3c\u5b50\u5175\u5c31\u5148\u540e\u5c06\u51e0\u5341\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u6bcf\u627920-30\u4eba\uff0c\u5206\u51e0\u6279\u6d3b\u57cb\u6389\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u6218\u4fd8\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5148\u5c06\u5751\u6316\u597d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u5165\u6d3b\u57cb\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\u4e0b\u5c5e\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u5c0612\u540d\u56e0\u751f\u75c5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5e26\u5230\u4e00\u58d5\u6c9f\u8fb9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ad9\u6210\u4e00\u6392\u540e\u5c31\u5f00\u67aa\u5c04\u6740\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5012\u8fdb\u6c9f\u91cc\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u63a9\u571f\u57cb\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u4fd8\u5012\u4e0b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u5c31\u547d\u4ee4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u94f2\u571f\u6492\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u63a9\u57cb\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u88ab\u67aa\u6740\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5c1a\u672a\u65ad\u6c14\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u6c9f\u91cc\u7aed\u5c3d\u5168\u529b\u5927\u53eb\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u6d3b\u7740\uff01\u4f46\u6740\u4eba\u6210\u6027\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u751f\u751f\u5730\u5c06\u4ed6\u6d3b\u57cb\u4e86\u3002[36]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\uff0c\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u968f\u610f\u67aa\u6740\u548c\u65a9\u9996\u751f\u75c5\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u4e8b\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u53cd\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5b98\u5175\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba1\u5224\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6740\u5bb3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5949\u4ee4\u884c\u4e8b\uff1b\u800c\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7b2c\u516b\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u4eca\u6751\u5747\u5927\u5c06\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u62b5\u8d56\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u610f\u662f\u8981\u201c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u201d\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u75c5\u4e86\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5de5\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u67aa\u6740\uff0c\u800c\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u4e0b\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u66f2\u89e3\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u6545\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u5728\u5ba1\u5224\u5ead\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u65e0\u803b\u72e1\u8fa9\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u4eba\u6027\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u5f00\u8131\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u6218\u540e\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u5ba1\u5224\u5ead\u4e0a\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e\u519b\u5b98\u7530\u4e2d\u4e2d\u5c09\u548c\u519b\u66f9\u76f8\u6cfd\u6cbb\u7d22\u7684\u5f53\u9762\u5bf9\u8d28\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u7531\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0b\u4ee4\u67aa\u6740\u751f\u75c5\u6218\u4fd8\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6740\u4eba\u6210\u6027\u7684\u65e5\u914b\u624d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f4e\u5934\u8ba4\u7f6a\u3002[37]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u6309\u7167\u65e5\u519b\u9ad8\u5c42\u5c06\u9886\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e8e1943\u5e74\u81f31945\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u75c5\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5de5\u8005\uff0c\u6210\u6279\u5730\u6216\u5355\u4e2a\u5730\u4e88\u4ee5\u67aa\u6740\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6839\u636e\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u5ba1\u5224\u5ead\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u8086\u610f\u6740\u5bb3\u751f\u75c5\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

1943\u5e741\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u521a\u521a\u62b5\u8fbe\u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u5c31\u670910\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u3002[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

1944\u5e743\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u66f9\u5c71\u7530\u5175\u592a\u90ce\u5e26\u9886\u4ed6\u7684\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5176\u4ed67\u540d\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u88c5\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0624\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u62bc\u5230\u4e9a\u5305\u4e00\u4e2a\u58d5\u6c9f\u8fb9\uff0c\u4ece\u540e\u9762\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e71\u67aa\u5c04\u6740\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u4e4b\u540e(3\u670811\u65e5)\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u53e6\u59166\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u67aa\u6740\u3002[39]<\/a><\/p>\n

1943\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u66f9\u7530\u5c9b\u5e26\u9886\u4ed6\u7684\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u5c064\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u67aa\u6740\uff1b\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c066\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5904\u6b7b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u8fd8\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c0646\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u96c6\u4f53\u67aa\u6740\u3002[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u80cc\u9762\u7684\u5854\u7b20\u6ca5(Talili)\u6e7e\uff0c1943\u5e744\u670829\u65e5\uff0c4\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4e5f\u56e0\u751f\u75c5\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5de5\u800c\u6b7b\u5728\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u67aa\u4e0b\u3002[41]<\/a><\/p>\n

2)\u3001\u84c4\u8c0b\u6bd2\u6740\u6218\u4fd8<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6700\u9a87\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u66fe\u7ecf\u8ba1\u5212\u5c06\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5168\u90e8\u6bd2\u6740\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u4e8e\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u5176\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5df2\u5907\u53d7\u6467\u6b8b\u65e0\u529b\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5982\u5fb7\u519b\u5728\u5965\u65af\u5a01\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7528\u6bd2\u6c14\u8650\u6740\u5927\u6279\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u60e8\u5267\u3002<\/p>\n

1944\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u63a5\u8fde\u5931\u5229\uff0c\u8282\u8282\u8d25\u9000\uff0c\u4e9a\u5305\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u5e74\u768410\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fbf\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u76df\u519b\u98de\u673a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7a7a\u88ad\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c\u5230\u6b21\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9a\u5305\u8981\u585e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u9646\u519b\uff0c\u5728\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u76df\u519b\u7a7a\u88ad\u548c\u56f4\u56f0\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8f6c\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\u9632\u5fa1\uff1b\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5e03\u5e72\u7ef4\u5c14\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u5e74\u53731943\u5e7411\u6708\u88ab\u7f8e\u519b\u767b\u9646\u56f4\u653b\uff0c\u81ea\u987e\u4e0d\u6687\uff0c\u56f0\u5904\u4e00\u9685\u3002\u5230\u4e861944\u5e74\u76848\u6708\uff0c\u6218\u4e8b\u5bf9\u65e5\u519b\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u5229\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u519b\u6b64\u65f6\u56e0\u8df3\u5c9b\u6218\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3001\u5409\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3001\u9a6c\u7ecd\u5c14\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3001\u9a6c\u91cc\u4e9a\u7eb3\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u5c9b\u5b9e\u65bd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u3002\u79cd\u79cd\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u65f6\u523b\u6050\u60e7\u76df\u519b\u8981\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5df2\u6210\u5b64\u5c9b\u7684\u8981\u585e\u53d1\u8d77\u8fdb\u653b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u4ed8\u76df\u519b\u5bf9\u4e9a\u5305\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u7763\u4fc3\u548c\u76d1\u89c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e9a\u5305\u4e0d\u8fdc\u53eb\u505a\u7eb3\u9ebb\u5c14(Namale)\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6398\u5efa\u4e86\u51e0\u6761\u5185\u90e8\u76f8\u901a\u5927\u800c\u6df1\u7684\u9632\u7a7a\u96a7\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u5728\u6d1e\u53e3\u653e\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u50a8\u85cf\u7740\u6bd2\u6c14\u7684\u5927\u94c1\u7f50\u3002\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u76df\u519b\u53d1\u8d77\u8fdb\u653b\u5e76\u767b\u9646\u4e9a\u5305\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u53ca\u5e73\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u90fd\u8d76\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96a7\u9053\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f00\u542f\u6d1e\u53e3\u7684\u6bd2\u6c14\u7f50\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5168\u90e8\u6bd2\u6740\u5728\u96a7\u9053\u91cc\u3002[42]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u65e5\u519b\u8b66\u536b\u961f\u961f\u957f\u7c41\u6237\u4e00\u8d35\u4e2d\u5c09\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u62c5\u8d1f\u7ba1\u7406\u76d1\u89c6\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u7387\u9886\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u5730\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece1945\u5e741\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u5949\u547d\u8d1f\u8d23\u770b\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd2\u6c14\u7f50\u3002\u4ed6\u63a5\u5230\u7b2c26\u5175\u7ad9\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u76df\u519b\u767b\u9646\u4e9a\u5305\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u94c1\u7f50\u5bf9\u7740\u6d1e\u53e3\uff0c\u5f00\u7f50\u6bd2\u6740\u5168\u90e8\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u3002[43]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6240\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u52301945\u5e748\u6708\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u76df\u519b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u7b97\u5f3a\u884c\u767b\u9646\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670910\u4e07\u65e5\u519b\u91cd\u5175\u628a\u5b88\u7684\u8981\u585e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u624d\u7531\u6b64\u9003\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u6d69\u52ab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u4e34\u8fd1\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5feb\u8981\u6295\u964d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u9ad8\u5c42\u5c06\u9886\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u5c60\u6740\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\u6218\u540e\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u519b\u4e8b\u5ba1\u5224\u5ead\u4f5c\u8bc1\u65f6\u62ab\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5e55\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6740\u4fd8\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u90e8\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u90fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u6740\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u7387\u9886\u88ab\u7f16\u7ec4\u5230\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\u4e0b\u5c5e\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u90a3\u961f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u58eb\u5175\u540d\u53eb\u4e01\u5c0f\u677e\uff0c[44]<\/a>\u539f\u96b6\u5c5e\u56fd\u519b\u7b2c86\u519b\u7b2c67\u5e08201\u56e2\uff0c\u4e8e\u8862\u5dde\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u88ab\u4fd8\u30021944\u5e743\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u4e01\u5c0f\u677e\u88ab\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u961f\u91cc\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6d3e\u5230\u5176\u519b\u5b98\u98df\u5802\u91cc\u5e2e\u53a8\uff0c\u505a\u53a8\u5de5\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u76847\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u4ed6\u968f\u5e7f\u7530\u90e8\u961f\u4ece\u4e9a\u5305\u9644\u8fd1\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u7eb3\u9ebb\u5c14\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5e2e\u53a8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e745\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\u5728\u5176\u519b\u5b98\u98df\u5802\u7684\u9910\u5385\u4e0e\u6765\u8bbf\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u7528\u665a\u9910\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u4eba\u662f\u4e09\u540d\u9a7b\u5b88\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u519b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e09\u5230\u56db\u540d\u65e5\u672c\u9646\u519b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u4f5c\u966a\u3002\u5f53\u4e01\u5c0f\u677e\u5c06\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u996d\u83dc\u7aef\u8fdb\u9910\u5385\u65f6\uff0c\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u95e8\u53e3\uff0c\u88ab\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d77\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u542c\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5ba2\u4eba\u5411\u4e3b\u4eba\u95ee\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u662f\u652f\u90a3\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u5427\uff1f\u201d\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u70b9\u70b9\u5934\u5e76\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u6781\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\u90fd\u7ed9\u6740\u6389\uff0c\u4eca\u6751\u5747\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u6781\u8868\u8d5e\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u662f\u6d77\u519b\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u8c13\u6b64\u975e\u660e\u667a\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u968f\u540e\u6d77\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6218\u4fd8\u90fd\u7ed9\u6740\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u52b3\u5de5\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5e72\u6d3b\u4e86\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u76df\u519b\u4f55\u65f6\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u767b\u9646\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u4fd8\u88ab\u6740\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u76df\u519b\u767b\u9646\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u7d22\u8981\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ffd\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u7b54\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53bb\u5411\uff0c\u90a3\u76df\u519b\u5c31\u80af\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u4fd8\u90fd\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u5e72\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76df\u519b\u5982\u6cd5\u70ae\u5236\u5730\u5bf9\u4ed8\u6211\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e01\u5c0f\u677e\u4eb2\u8033\u542c\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u9646\u6d77\u519b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7f6e\u6218\u4fd8\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u5fc3\u60ca\u8089\u8df3\u3002\u5f85\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d77\u519b\u5ba2\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u627e\u5230\u5728\u9910\u5385\u91cc\u4f3a\u5019\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7528\u81b3\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u82e6\u74dc(\u65e5\u672c\u540d\uff1aAbashi)\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u519b\u592b\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u65c1\u6240\u542c\u5230\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u51c6\u5907\u5c60\u6740\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u542c\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u65e0\u4e8c\u3002\u4e09\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e01\u5c0f\u677e\u5229\u7528\u673a\u4f1a\u6e9c\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u8425\u5730\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u542c\u5230\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u5b9e\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86\u5e26\u961f\u519b\u5b98\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u3002[45]<\/a>\u5728\u8fd9\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u519b\u592b\u4e5f\u66fe\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\u5c06\u65e5\u519b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\u95f4\u6709\u5173\u5c60\u6740\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5185\u5bb9\u8f6c\u544a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u9886\u961f\u3002[46]<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d88\u606f\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4eec\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u800c\u6765\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u987e\u8651\u8d77\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u5e7f\u7530\u660e\u5c11\u5c06\u548c\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u4e9a\u5305\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u516b\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u4eca\u6751\u5747\u5927\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u85d0\u89c6\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u5f3a\u786c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6740\u4fd8\u7684\u6b7b\u786c\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e9a\u5305\u5df2\u6210\u5b64\u5c9b\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u5feb\u8981\u7ed3\u675f\u800c\u987e\u8651\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u624b\u4e0b10\u4e07\u65e5\u519b\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u8d25\u6295\u964d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff1b\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u5728\u65e5\u519b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\u4e2d\u591a\u6240\u8bae\u53ca\u4e4b\u6740\u4fd8\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u6740\u4fd8\u9634\u8c0b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u83b7\u6089\u65e5\u519b\u9634\u8c0b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5df2\u4f20\u64ad\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u6697\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u6545\u6218\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5728\u5176\u56de\u5fc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u5bf9\u6b64\u5fc3\u6709\u4f59\u60b8\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u91ca\u6000\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65bd\u65b9\u821f\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u4f53\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a\u201c3\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u9a7b\u519b\u5374\u6253\u7b97\u5c06\u5c71\u6d1e\u5835\u4f4f\uff0c\u5c06\u52b3\u5de5\u4eec\u5168\u90e8\u6d3b\u57cb\uff0c\u591a\u4e8f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u519b\u961f\u53ca\u65f6\u8d76\u5230\u201d\uff0c[47]<\/a>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4eec\u624d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u83b7\u6551\u3002\u65bd\u65b9\u821f\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u3001\u5728\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u82e6\u5f79\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u65f6\u4f1a\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5371\u9669\u4e2d\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u65bd\u52a0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u8feb\u5bb3\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u519b\u65f6\u523b\u51c6\u5907\u6d88\u706d\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u548c\u884c\u5f84\uff0c\u5370\u8c61\u592a\u6df1\u523b\u4e86\uff01\u90a3\u707e\u96be\u6df1\u91cd\u3001\u4e5d\u6b7b\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u60e8\u7edd\u4eba\u5bf0\uff0c\u4e0d\u582a\u56de\u9996\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff01<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u636e\u5434\u68ea\u4e2d\u6821\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ece1943\u5e74\u521d\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e9a\u5305\uff0c\u52301945\u5e748\u6708\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u4e8c\u5e74\u516b\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u5357\u4eac\u548c\u6d59\u6c5f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u767b\u8239\u800c\u88ab\u62bc\u9001\u6765\u6b64\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\u76841504\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u5c31\u6709756\u4eba\u6c38\u846c\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u832b\u832b\u5927\u6d77\u548c\u5bc6\u5bc6\u4e1b\u6797\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002[48]<\/a>\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5176\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u5360\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\uff1a\u4e9a\u5305\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u65a9\u9996\u6c60\u9057\u8ff9\uff0c2009\u5e744\u6708\u7b14\u8005\u5b9e\u5730\u63a2\u8bbf\u65f6\u62cd\u6444\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\uff1a\u4e9a\u5305\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5362\u65b0\u82b3\uff0c\u6d59\u8d63\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u88ab\u4fd8\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u519b\u9636\u4e3a\u4e0a\u7b49\u5175\uff0c86\u519b67\u5e08210\u56e2\u58eb\u5175(\u6d59\u6c5f\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba)\uff1b2009\u5e748\u6708\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u9ad8\u96c4\u51e4\u5c71\u63a5\u53d7\u7b14\u8005\u8bbf\u8c08(\u65f6\u5e7488\u5c81)\uff0c\u8033\u804b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7b14\u8c08\uff0c\u540c\u5e7411\u6708\u4ed9\u901d\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n

\u4e0b\uff1a\u4e9a\u5305\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u674e\u7ef4\u6042\uff0c\u4e8e\u65e5\u519b\u626b\u8361\u4e0a\u6d77\u57ce\u90ca\u65f6\u88ab\u4fd8\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u519b\u9636\u662f\u5c11\u6821\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6218\u533a\u6dde\u6caa\u633a\u8fdb\u7eb5\u961f\u4e0a\u6d77\u6df7\u57ce\u961f\u961f\u9644(\u6c5f\u82cf\u65e0\u9521\u4eba)\uff0c\u4e9a\u5305\u89e3\u653e\u540e\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u8425\u5730\u526f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5b98\u5458\uff1b2009\u5e748\u6708\u4e8e\u53f0\u6e7e\u9ad8\u96c4\u63a5\u53d7\u7b14\u8005\u8bbf\u8c08(\u65f6\u5e7490\u5c81)\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u662f\u5927\u65f6\u4ee3\u72c2\u98ce\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u843d\u53f6\u201d\uff0c2010\u5e74\u5e95\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n

\u7c9f\u660e\u9c9c<\/p>\n

2010\u5e745\u67089\u65e5<\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u672c<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Peter Leggett, \u524d\u63ed\u6587\uff1b\u53e6\u89c1\uff1aKen Wright,\u00a0I have finally decided to kill myself\u2026<\/em>\u00a0. Online:\u00a0http:\/\/asopa.typepad.com\/files\/wright_i-have-finally-decided-to.pdf<\/a>, accessed on 9 March 2010.<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0Repatriation of Chinese from Rabaul, A6059, 23\/441\/28\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u300a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ee5\u9756\u533a\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u90e8\u5448\u8bf7\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5c06\u7559\u6fb3\u56db\u884c\u5b64\u519b\u63a5\u8fd0\u56de\u56fd\u300b(\u6c11\u56fd35\u5e748\u67089\u65e5)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u300a\u8054\u5408\u52e4\u52a1\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u7535\u8bf7\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5411\u82f1\u65b9\u4ea4\u6d89\u4ee3\u8fd0\u7559\u6fb388\u5e08\u56db\u884c\u5b64\u519b\u8fd4\u56fd\u4e8b\u300b(\u6c11\u56fd35\u5e748\u670814\u65e5)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0AWM 54, 1010\/4\/153\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0 [War Crimes and Trials – Summary of Proceedings:] Trial of Sgt\/Maj Murao Kamio and W\/O Neda Jiro – ill treatment of Chinese at Rabaul, AWM 54, 1010\/6\/122\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u4f59\u73ae\u3001\u5434\u5fd7\u83f2\uff0c\u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u6587\u5cf0\u3001\u7f57\u6210\u5eb7\uff0c\u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u811a\u6c14\u75c5(beriberi)\u5373\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20B1\u6216\u786b\u80fa\u7d20\u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c5(thiamine deficiency)\uff0c\u4ee5\u817f\u811a\u9ebb\u6728\u3001\u9178\u75db\u3001\u8f6f\u5f31\uff0c\u6216\u631b\u6025\u3001\u80bf\u80c0\uff0c\u6216\u67af\u840e\u7b49\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u5728\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u5173\u62bc\u7684\u6fb3\u519b\u548c\u8377\u5370\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u5927\u91cf\u6b7b\u4e8e\u811a\u6c14\u75c5\u3002\u53c2\u9605\u9b3c\u8c37\u96c4\u98ce\u535a\u5ba2\uff1a\u300a\u89e3\u6551\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u516b\u6240\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8(4)\u300b(2007-11-03 06:55:24) \u3002 \u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttp:\/\/blog.wenxuecity.com\/myblog\/25083\/200711\/2517.html<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0\u5f20\u5b66\u7fa4\u3001\u4f59\u83c1\uff0c\u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0\u89c1Pacific War Online Encyclopaedia: Rabaul\u3002Online:\u00a0http:\/\/pwencycl.kgbudge.com\/R\/a\/Rabaul.htm<\/a>, accessed on 3 March 2009\u3002\u53e6\u89c1\uff1aSpecial Correspondent, \u201cHorrors in Wrecked Rabaul\u201d,\u00a0Pacific Islands Monthly<\/em>, October 1945\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u636e\u674e\u7115\u6587\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u76f4\u5230\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u65b9\u77e5\u571f\u8457\u6b64\u4e3e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u62ef\u6551\u76df\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u3002\u53c2\u9605\u9ad8\u51cc\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u5df4\u7ebd\u8001\u6218\u4fd8 \u5974\u5de5\u5c81\u6708\u8840\u6cea\u6591\u6591\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u8054\u5408\u665a\u62a5\u300b\u7f51\u7edc\u72482009.05.16 02:30 pm\u3002\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.uocn.org\/bbs\/viewthread.php?tid=27695<\/a>\u3002\u67e5\u9605\u65e5\u671f\uff0c2009\u5e747\u670828\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0\u8be6\u89c1\uff1aKen Wright, \u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[15]<\/a>\u00a0\u9ad8\u51cc\u4e91\uff0c\u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002\u53e6\u636e\u300a\u524d\u519b\u653f\u90e8\u5170\u5609\u5e08\u7ba1\u533a\u6b65\u5175\u4e2d\u6821\u5434\u68ea\u7535\u8bf7\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u8bbe\u6cd5\u62e8\u8239\u8fd0\u9001\u6211\u56fd\u7559\u6fb3\u5b98\u5175\u8fd4\u56fd\u300b(\u6c11\u56fd35\u5e745\u67086\u65e5)\uff0c\u5185\u6709\u201c\u524d\u4e00\u6708\u5341\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u7ebd\u51e0\u5c3c\u5f52\u6765\u4e4b\u6218\u524d\u88ab\u6355\u519b\u4eba7\u540d\u3001\u5e73\u6c1113\u540d\u201c\u4e00\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0e\u674e\u7115\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a>\u00a0\u5362\u65b0\u82b3\u5148\u751f\u8bbf\u8c08\u3002\u8bbf\u8c08\u4eba\uff1a\u7c9f\u660e\u9c9c\uff1b\u8bbf\u8c08\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2009\u5e748\u67087\u65e5\uff1b\u8bbf\u8c08\u5730\u70b9\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u9ad8\u96c4\u51e4\u5c71\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/a>\u00a0AWM 54, 1010\/4\/153\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18]<\/a>\u00a0\u53c2\u9605\uff1a\u5218\u9999\u541b\uff1a\u300a\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u800c\u6218\uff01\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300aTaiwan Panorama\u53f0\u6e7e\u5149\u534e\u300b\uff0c2001\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c104\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19]<\/a>\u00a0\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\uff1a\u300a\u6b4c\u58f0\u6e10\u7a00\u2014\u2014\u53f0\u7c4d\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u7684\u62c9\u5305\u5c14\u4e4b\u6b4c\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300aTaiwan Panorama\u53f0\u6e7e\u5149\u534e\u300b\uff0c2005\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c80\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[20]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cProsecution ended of Jap commander\u201d,\u00a0The Canberra Times<\/em>, 25 March 1947, p. 1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[21]<\/a>\u00a0War crimes – Formosan war criminals, A1838, 1550\/21\u3002\u53e6\u53c2\u9605\u9b3c\u8c37\u96c4\u98ce\u535a\u5ba2\uff1a\u300a\u5728\u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u300b(2007-11-18 04:11:38)\u3002\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttp:\/\/blog.wenxuecity.com\/myblog\/25083\/200711\/24041.html<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[22]<\/a>\u00a0\u674e\u7ef4\u6042\u5148\u751f\u8bbf\u8c08\u3002\u8bbf\u8c08\u4eba\uff1a\u7c9f\u660e\u9c9c\uff1b\u8bbf\u8c08\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2009\u5e748\u67087-8\u65e5\uff1b\u8bbf\u8c08\u5730\u70b9\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u9ad8\u96c4\u3002\u674e\u7ef4\u6042\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e5\u672c\u5175\u8f83\u4e4b\u5c0f\u65e5\u672c\u66f4\u51f6\u72e0\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u6076\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[23]<\/a>\u00a0\u4f59\u73ae\u3001\u5434\u5fd7\u83f2\uff0c\u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[24]<\/a>\u00a0\u300a\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u848b\u4e2d\u6b63\u7535\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u53ca\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u8bf7\u8bbe\u6cd5\u6551\u6d4e\u7559\u6fb3\u5b98\u5175\u5e76\u5c3d\u5feb\u63a5\u8fd0\u56de\u56fd\u300b(\u6c11\u56fd35\u5e749\u670811\u65e5)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[25]<\/a>\u00a0\u300a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ee5\u9756\u533a\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u90e8\u5448\u8bf7\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5c06\u7559\u6fb3\u56db\u884c\u5b64\u519b\u63a5\u8fd0\u56de\u56fd\u300b(\u6c11\u56fd35\u5e748\u67089\u65e5)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[26]<\/a>\u00a0\u5362\u65b0\u82b3\u5148\u751f\u8bbf\u8c08\u3002\u8bbf\u8c08\u4eba\uff1a\u7c9f\u660e\u9c9c\uff1b\u8bbf\u8c08\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2009\u5e748\u67087\u65e5\uff1b\u8bbf\u8c08\u5730\u70b9\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u9ad8\u96c4\u51e4\u5c71\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u6587\u5cf0\u3001\u7f57\u6210\u5eb7\uff0c\u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[28]<\/a>\u00a0\u5f20\u5b66\u7fa4\u3001\u4f59\u83c1\uff0c\u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[29]<\/a>\u00a0\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\u540e\uff0c\u4e9a\u5305\u65e5\u519b\u5f53\u5c40(\u7b2c\u516b\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u548c\u5357\u4e1c\u65b9\u9762\u8230\u961f)\u5728\u5411\u76df\u519b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6295\u964d\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6218\u540e\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u96c6\u4e2d\u7f81\u62bc\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cae\u98df\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u529e\u519c\u573a\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u7cae\u98df\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cae\u98df\u4f9b\u5e94\u5df2\u5230\u4e86\u53ca\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u89c1\uff1a[Captured Japanese Documents:] Essential points for the local negotiation preparation between us and them, Special order no. 2 [File in Japanese] AJRP Sub-Series name: Post-surrender Rabaul material received from HQ 8 Military District. This item outlines the procedure for ceasefire. It states that it is necessary to maintain self-sufficiency in the area. It is necessary to transport food to the Japanese forces in New Guinea and Bougainville, due to their critical conditions. It is necessary to prepare detailed material regarding the POWs and third country citizens. AWM 82, 2\/48\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[30]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cDeath for Jap who practised cannibalism\u201d,\u00a0The Canberra Times<\/em>, 17 April 1946, p. 1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[31]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cJap general on trial at Rabaul: cannibalism alleged among troops\u201d,\u00a0The Canberra Times<\/em>, 12 April 1947, p. 1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cAtrocities report reveals many savage Jap crimes: murder, torture, and cannibalism\u201d,\u00a0The Argus<\/em>, 11 September 1945, p. 5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[33]<\/a>\u00a0AWM 54, 1010\/4\/153\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[34]<\/a>\u00a0\u540c\u4e0a\u3002\u53e6\u89c1\uff1aA471, 81653 Part A\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[35]<\/a>\u00a0\u8be6\u89c1\uff1aKen Wright, \u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[36]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cJap commander faces atrocity trial against Chinees at Rabaul\u201d,\u00a0The Canberra Times<\/em>, 21 June 1947, p. 2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[37]<\/a>\u00a0\u8be6\u89c1\u201dHirota declares lies told by subordinates\u201d,\u00a0The Canberra Times<\/em>, 26 March 1947, p. 1; \u201cProsecution ends of Jap commander\u201d,\u00a0The Canberra Times,<\/em>\u00a025 March 1947, p. 1; \u201cGeneral Takes Blame For Japanese Accused\u201d,\u00a0\u00a0The Sydney Morning Herald,<\/em>\u00a029 March 1947, p. 4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[38]<\/a>\u00a0AWM 54, 1010\/3\/15\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[39]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cDeath penalties for execution of war prisoners\u201d,\u00a0The Canberra Times<\/em>, 21 April 1946, p. 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[40]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cWar trail today\u201d,\u00a0The Sydney Morning Herald<\/em>, 19 March 1947, p. 5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[41]<\/a>\u00a0A471, 81653 Part A\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[42]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cJapanese plan to poison all prisoners\u201d,\u00a0The Sydney Morning Herald<\/em>, 22 March 1947, p. 1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[43]<\/a>\u00a0AWM 54, 1010\/4\/153\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[44]<\/a>\u00a0\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u88ab\u62fc\u6210\u4e3aDju Shao Shen\u6216Dju Shiao Shen\u6216\u8005\u662fDju Shao Shun\u3002\u904d\u67e5\u4e9a\u5305\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u4e01\u5c0f\u677e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u7c4d\u8d2f\u4e3a\u798f\u5efa\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u519b\u592b\u7528\u95fd\u8bed\u81ea\u7531\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[45]<\/a>\u00a0\u8be6\u89c1AWM 54, 1010\/4\/153\u3002\u53e6\u89c1\uff1a\u201dJap commander faces atrocity trial against Chinese at Rabaul\u201d,\u00a0The Canberra Times<\/em>, 31 March 1947, p. 2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[46]<\/a>\u00a0AWM 54, 1010\/4\/153\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[47]<\/a>\u00a0\u6587\u5cf0\u3001\u7f57\u6210\u5eb7\uff0c\u524d\u63ed\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[48]<\/a>\u00a0AWM 54, 1010\/4\/153\u3002<\/p>\n

(\u5f85\u7eed)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fd8\u5374\u7684\u5386\u53f2 \u2014\u2014\u6218\u65f6\u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4fd8(\u4e09) (\u7eed\u4e0a\u671f[\u4e8c]) \u4e09\u3001\u7f44\u7af9\u96be\u4e66\u7684\u82e6\u5de5\u751f\u6daf \u65b0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\u662f\u5178 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81,"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions\/81"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/australiahome.net\/home2\/mingxian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}